TAG 122 – Das Sümela Kloster.
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TAG 122 – Das Sümela Kloster.

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The large building with a balcony on the front part of the cliff was used for the monks' cells and for housing guests. It dates from 1840.
The large building with a balcony on the front part of the cliff was used for the monks‘ cells and for housing guests. It dates from 1840.
Das Sumela-Kloster (türkisch: Sümela Manastırı, griechisch: Παναγία Σουμελά, deutsch: Muttergottes von Sumela) ist ein ehemals griechisch-orthodoxes Kloster aus byzantinischer Zeit in der Nordosttürkei in Maçka (Provinz Trabzon). Der Name stammt vom griechischen Melas (Schwarz), nach dem griechischen Namen des Berges, auf dem das Kloster steht Das Kloster liegt 45 km südlich von Trabzon im Altındere-Nationalpark im Zigana-Gebirge (Ostpontisches Gebirge) in 1071 m Höhe. Es ist etwa 270 m oberhalb einer Schlucht des Altındere Tales (in der Antike: Pyxites) in den Fels gehauen und gebaut.

Geschichte
Um 500 förderte Kaiser Anastasios den Bau eines Klosters. 640 wurde es durch ein Feuer zerstört. Der Mönch Christophoros aus dem Kloster Vazelon baute es wieder auf. Im 12. Jahrhundert wurde es wieder zerstört, angeblich von Räubern, die auf der Suche nach der Ikone waren. Die Ikone wurde unversehrt aus dem Fluss geborgen.

Die ältesten erhaltenen Gebäude stammen aus der Komnenenzeit. Hier wurde Alexios III. (1338–1390) am 21. Mai 1350 und sein Sohn Manuel III (1390–1417) als Kaiser vom Kaiserreich Trapezunt gekrönt. Auch nach der Eroberung durch die Osmanen im Jahr 1461 blieb das Kloster bestehen und entwickelte sich zu einem wichtigen Wallfahrtsort.

Sein heutiges Aussehen erhielt das Kloster im 19. Jahrhundert, als Gebäude mit Mönchzellen vor die eigentliche Felsenkirche gebaut wurden. Als nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg die griechische Bevölkerung auf dem Pontos bei dem Versuch, eine eigene Republik zu gründen, den Truppen Atatürks unterlag, mussten auch die Mönche 1926 das Kloster verlassen

The large aqueduct at the entrance, which supplied water to the Monastery, is constructed against the side of the cliff. The aqueduct has many arches which have mostly been restored.
The large aqueduct at the entrance, which supplied water to the Monastery, is constructed against the side of the cliff. The aqueduct has many arches which have mostly been restored.
Die Reliquien wurden in einer nahen Kapelle versteckt und konnten 1930 auf Intervention des türkischen Ministerpräsidenten Ismet Inönü nach Griechenland gebracht werden. Heute befinden sie sich in der gleichnamigen Neugründung im griechischen Kastania / Veria Mazedonien aus dem Jahr 1951.

Das Kloster verfiel nach einem verheerenden Brand 1930 immer weiter, bis es 1972 von der türkischen Regierung als Nationalerbe unter Schutz gestellt wurde und Besuchern offen steht.

Religiöse Bedeutung
Das Kloster ist nicht nur für Christen sondern auch Moslems ein wichtiger Wallfahrtsort. Es ist der „Panhaghia tou Melas“ (Allheilige des Schwarzen Bergs) geweiht, der Mutter Jesu Christi oder für die Moslems der Mutter des Propheten Isa, von denen es auch „Meryem ana manastiri“ (Mutter-Maria-Kloster) genannt wird.

In dem Kloster waren als Reliquien unter anderem die o.g. Ikone, die vom Evangelisten Lukas gemalt worden sein soll und ein Splitter des Kreuzes, an dem Jesus gestorben ist. Mit dieser Kreuzreliquie wurde monatlich das Wasser aus dem heilegenden Brunnen geweiht, welches die Pilger gegen alle erdenklichen Leiden nutzten.

Im Jahr 2005 wurde bekannt, Sumela, „eines der wichtigsten Klöster der Christenheit“, solle nach Angaben türkischer Behörden wieder als Kloster eröffnet werden.[1] Im Jahre 2010 stellte der Ökumenische Patriarch Bartholomäus I. einen Antrag bei der türkischen Regierung, zu Mariä Entschlafung am 15. August dort einer Göttlichen Liturgie vorstehen zu dürfen. Der Antrag wurde am 8. Juni von Kultur- und Tourismusminister Ertugrul Günay positiv beschieden und die Liturgie am 15. August unter großer Anteilnahme orthodoxer Christen durchgeführt
Fuente: Wikipedia

The Sumela Monastery (Turkish: Sümela Manastırı) is a Greek Orthodox monastery dedicated to the Virgin Mary at Melá Mountain  within the Pontic Mountains range, in the Maçka district of Trabzon Province in modern Turkey. Nestled in a steep cliff at an altitude of about 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) facing the Altındere valley, it is a site of great historical and cultural significance, as well as a major tourist attraction within Altındere National Park.
The Sumela Monastery (Turkish: Sümela Manastırı) is a Greek Orthodox monastery dedicated to the Virgin Mary at Melá Mountain within the Pontic Mountains range, in the Maçka district of Trabzon Province in modern Turkey.
Nestled in a steep cliff at an altitude of about 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) facing the Altındere valley, it is a site of great historical and cultural significance, as well as a major tourist attraction within Altındere National Park.
The principal elements of the Monastery complex are the Rock Church, several chapels, kitchens, student rooms, a guesthouse, a library, and a sacred spring revered by Eastern Orthodox Christians.
The principal elements of the Monastery complex are the Rock Church, several chapels, kitchens, student rooms, a guesthouse, a library, and a sacred spring revered by Eastern Orthodox Christians.
The large building with a balcony on the front part of the cliff was used for the monks' cells and for housing guests. It dates from 1840.
The large building with a balcony on the front part of the cliff was used for the monks‘ cells and for housing guests. It dates from 1840.

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The entrance to the Monastery leads up a long and narrow stairway. There is a guard-room next to the entrance. The stairs lead down from there to the inner courtyard. On the left, in front of a cave, there are several monastery buildings. The cave, which was converted into a church, constitutes the center of the monastery. The library is to the right.
The entrance to the Monastery leads up a long and narrow stairway. There is a guard-room next to the entrance. The stairs lead down from there to the inner courtyard. On the left, in front of a cave, there are several monastery buildings. The cave, which was converted into a church, constitutes the center of the monastery. The library is to the right.
The main subject of the frescoes are biblical scenes telling the story of Christ and the Virgin Mary.
The main subject of the frescoes are biblical scenes telling the story of Christ and the Virgin Mary.
The main subject of the frescoes are biblical scenes telling the story of Christ and the Virgin Mary.
The main subject of the frescoes are biblical scenes telling the story of Christ and the Virgin Mary.
The inner and outer walls of the Rock Church and the walls of the adjacent chapel are decorated with frescoes. Frescoes dating from the era of Alexios III of Trebizond line the inner wall of the Rock Church facing the courtyard. The frescoes of the chapel which were painted on three levels in three different periods are dated to the beginning of the 18th century. The frescoes of the bottom band are of superior quality.
The inner and outer walls of the Rock Church and the walls of the adjacent chapel are decorated with frescoes. Frescoes dating from the era of Alexios III of Trebizond line the inner wall of the Rock Church facing the courtyard. The frescoes of the chapel which were painted on three levels in three different periods are dated to the beginning of the 18th century. The frescoes of the bottom band are of superior quality.
The inner and outer walls of the Rock Church and the walls of the adjacent chapel are decorated with frescoes. Frescoes dating from the era of Alexios III of Trebizond line the inner wall of the Rock Church facing the courtyard. The frescoes of the chapel which were painted on three levels in three different periods are dated to the beginning of the 18th century. The frescoes of the bottom band are of superior quality.
The inner and outer walls of the Rock Church and the walls of the adjacent chapel are decorated with frescoes. Frescoes dating from the era of Alexios III of Trebizond line the inner wall of the Rock Church facing the courtyard. The frescoes of the chapel which were painted on three levels in three different periods are dated to the beginning of the 18th century. The frescoes of the bottom band are of superior quality.
The entrance to the Monastery leads up a long and narrow stairway. There is a guard-room next to the entrance. The stairs lead down from there to the inner courtyard. On the left, in front of a cave, there are several monastery buildings. The cave, which was converted into a church, constitutes the center of the monastery. The library is to the right.
The entrance to the Monastery leads up a long and narrow stairway. There is a guard-room next to the entrance. The stairs lead down from there to the inner courtyard. On the left, in front of a cave, there are several monastery buildings. The cave, which was converted into a church, constitutes the center of the monastery. The library is to the right.
The inner and outer walls of the Rock Church and the walls of the adjacent chapel are decorated with frescoes. Frescoes dating from the era of Alexios III of Trebizond line the inner wall of the Rock Church facing the courtyard. The frescoes of the chapel which were painted on three levels in three different periods are dated to the beginning of the 18th century. The frescoes of the bottom band are of superior quality.
The inner and outer walls of the Rock Church and the walls of the adjacent chapel are decorated with frescoes. Frescoes dating from the era of Alexios III of Trebizond line the inner wall of the Rock Church facing the courtyard. The frescoes of the chapel which were painted on three levels in three different periods are dated to the beginning of the 18th century. The frescoes of the bottom band are of superior quality.
The entrance to the Monastery leads up a long and narrow stairway. There is a guard-room next to the entrance. The stairs lead down from there to the inner courtyard. On the left, in front of a cave, there are several monastery buildings. The cave, which was converted into a church, constitutes the center of the monastery. The library is to the right.
The entrance to the Monastery leads up a long and narrow stairway. There is a guard-room next to the entrance. The stairs lead down from there to the inner courtyard. On the left, in front of a cave, there are several monastery buildings. The cave, which was converted into a church, constitutes the center of the monastery. The library is to the right.
The entrance to the Monastery leads up a long and narrow stairway. There is a guard-room next to the entrance. The stairs lead down from there to the inner courtyard. On the left, in front of a cave, there are several monastery buildings. The cave, which was converted into a church, constitutes the center of the monastery. The library is to the right.
The entrance to the Monastery leads up a long and narrow stairway. There is a guard-room next to the entrance. The stairs lead down from there to the inner courtyard. On the left, in front of a cave, there are several monastery buildings. The cave, which was converted into a church, constitutes the center of the monastery. The library is to the right.
Looking down to the valley.
Looking down to the valley.

P1030386

The inner and outer walls of the Rock Church and the walls of the adjacent chapel are decorated with frescoes. Frescoes dating from the era of Alexios III of Trebizond line the inner wall of the Rock Church facing the courtyard. The frescoes of the chapel which were painted on three levels in three different periods are dated to the beginning of the 18th century. The frescoes of the bottom band are of superior quality.
The inner and outer walls of the Rock Church and the walls of the adjacent chapel are decorated with frescoes. Frescoes dating from the era of Alexios III of Trebizond line the inner wall of the Rock Church facing the courtyard. The frescoes of the chapel which were painted on three levels in three different periods are dated to the beginning of the 18th century. The frescoes of the bottom band are of superior quality.

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